Skybrary”スカイブラリー”は飛行機や管制官に関する様々な分野の情報が集められたホームページです。航空機の運航や管制官の業務について、
- Operational Issues（運用の問題）
- Human Performance（人間のパフォーマンス）
- Enhancing Safety（安全性の向上）
- Safety Regulations（安全規制）
の４つのテーマに分け、wikipediaのような詳しい解説と関連するICAOやEURO CONTROL（欧州航空航法安全機構）が出版するPDF書籍まで掲載しています。
英語が読めない方もGoogle翻訳をつかえばこの通り！
Radio Discipline（無線教養訓練）
概要
パイロットや航空交通管制との間の通信は、航空交通の安全かつ効率的な制御のための重要なプロセスです。パイロットは自分の状況、意思と明確かつ明白な方法でコントローラへの要求を報告しなければなりません。コントローラは、同様に明確であいまいでない指示を発行することによって応答しなければなりません。コミュニケーションのプロセスが重要であるとも、最も困難な状況で成功する必要があります。良好な無線規律は、このプロセスに不可欠です。
若干の間違いはありますが理解するには十分でしょう。
同時に送信されて無線が混信したら
初めてスカイブラリーを知った方におすすめしたい最初の本は、ユーロコントロール作成のICAOスタンダードフレソロジーALL CLEAR?です。管制官、パイロットの航空無線の基礎表現がぎっしり詰まっています。
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16ページ目を開くとこのように書かれています。
Simultaneous or Continuous Transmissions
Direct controller – pilot communication can be adversely affected by simultaneous or continuous transmissions. There are times when the controller is not aware of a blocked transmission, but a pilot is. On hearing a simultaneous transmission it can be helpful if a pilot informs ATC that the transmission was BLOCKED.
Transmission blocked, Big Jet 345（用語例）
要約すると、パイロットからの同時送信により無線が混信しているが、航空管制官はそれに気がついていない場合、第三者のパイロットによる助言が気付きの助けになる、ということです。無線の同時送信状態（ブロック）は会話する当人ほど気がつきにくいものです。確かによくブロック！と無線で助言するパイロットがいましたが、あれは管制官への有効な気遣いとして世界で共通に認識されたものだったんですね。
相手の言ってることを注意深く聞きなさい
続いて航空会社の旅客便パイロットではなく不慣れなアマチュアパイロット向けに、出発から到着までの流れと使用する無線用語例をまとめたフレーズガイド”Communication Guide for General Aviation VFR Flights“という本を紹介します。
色刷り鮮やかで挿絵や写真もふんだんに使われており、飛行機好きでなくとも読む気にさせられます。
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7ページ、航空無線のリスニングについて
Listening
Listen carefully to make sure you understand what is said to you – it is easy to hear what you expect, rather than what is actually said.
At all times listen for your callsign and any new instructions or information. As the situation changes you may be given different instructions or new information.
「あなたに言われていることは何か注意深く聞きなさい – 時折、（人は）実際に言われていることよりもむしろ期待することをリスニングし易いです。」
「あなたのコールサイン、新しい指示や情報を全て聞きなさい。その新しい指示や情報により状況が変化しても良いように。」
この場合のリスニングとは、主にパイロットが管制官からの声を聞くという状況を想定しています。人間のコミュニケーションに潜む落とし穴を防ぐためには何を心がければ良いかということまで掘り下げて書かれているので、ALL CLEAR?と合わせて一読の価値アリです。
航空業界に携わっていない方にも役立つ情報がたくさんありますので、暑くて外に出たくない日は涼しいお部屋でゆっくりと空の図書館をお楽しみください。
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